Tricia R. Crosby, D.D.S., M.S.
William R. Trahan D.M.D., M.S.D.
Yamen Akhras D.D.S, M.S.

Dental Implants • Periodontics

What is Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal diseases are infections of the gums, which gradually destroy the support of your natural teeth. Dental plaque is the primary cause of gum disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Bacteria found in plaque produce toxins or poisons, which irritate the gums.  They may cause them to turn red, swell and bleed easily. If this irritation is prolonged, the gums separate from the teeth, causing pockets (spaces) to form. Plaque can also harden into a rough, porous substance known as calculus (or tartar). This can occur both above and below the gum line. As periodontal diseases progress, the supporting gum tissue and bone that holds teeth in place deteriorate. If left untreated, this leads to tooth loss. However, don't be fooled. With periodontal disease, bleeding, redness and swelling do not always have to be present. Further, pain is usually not associated with periodontal disease.   This disease damages the teeth, gum and jawbone of more than 80% of Americans by age 45. Signs and Symptoms of Periodontal Disease

Red and puffy gums - Gums should never be red or swollen. Bleeding gums - Gums should never bleed, even when you brush or use dental floss Persistent bad breath - Caused by bacteria in your mouth. New spacing between teeth - Caused by bone loss. Loose teeth - Also caused by bone loss or weakened periodontal tissues that support the tooth to the bone. Pus around the teeth and gums - Sign that there is an infection. Receding gums - Loss of gum around a tooth. Tenderness or discomfort - Plaque, calculus, and bacteria irritate the gums and teeth.

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Factors Affecting Periodontal Disease Plaque Above and Below the Gums Bite

• Teeth in Poor Position
• Missing Teeth
• Tooth Grinding
• Older Restorations

Medical Problems

• Poor Diet
• Diabetes
• Smoking

Heredity/Genetics Some patients may be predisposed to an aggressive type of periodontitis.  Patients with a family history should pay particular attention to their gums.